AD I, AD II, PS & DD RANKS GES PROMOTIONS - AminuWrites Tv
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SHORT NOTES ON LEARNING THEORIES FOR GES PROMOTIONS APTITUDE TESTS.
ALBERT BANDURA
Albert Bandura is a social cognitive psychologist who is known for his Social Learning Theory ¹. Here are some of his theories and their implications for education and teachers.
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*Social Learning Theory*: This theory states that people learn new behaviors by observing and imitating others. This theory emphasizes the importance of observational learning, where individuals acquire knowledge, skills, attitudes, and beliefs by watching the actions of others and the consequences that follow, leading to the modeling and adoption of observed behaviors.
*Implication for Education*: This theory can be used to teach positive behaviors to students. Teachers can use positive role models to increase desired behaviors and thus change the culture of a school. Other classroom strategies such as encouraging children and building self-efficacy are rooted in social learning theory. For example, if a teacher is positive with their students and they encourage them, this positive energy and verbal encouragement, in turn, helps build self-efficacy, the belief in one’s abilities to succeed in various situations.
*Observational Learning*: This is a key aspect of social learning theory, where individuals learn and adopt behaviors by observing others. This process often involves modeling after those who are similar, high-status, knowledgeable, rewarded, or nurturing figures in our lives.
*Implication for Teachers*: Teachers can use observational learning to their advantage by being positive role models for their students. They can also use this theory to teach students about the consequences of their actions, both positive and negative. By providing a safe and supportive learning environment, teachers can encourage students to observe and imitate positive behaviors.
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*Mediational Processes*: Bandura proposed four mediational processes that occur between observing a behaviour and imitating it. These processes are attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation. Attentional processes are crucial because mere exposure to a model doesn’t ensure that observers will pay attention. The model must capture the observer’s interest, and the observer must deem the model’s behavior worth imitating. Retention processes involve symbolically storing a model’s behavior in one’s mind. Motor reproduction processes use internal symbolic images of observed behaviors to guide actions. Motivational and reinforcement processes refer to the perceived favorable or unfavorable consequences of mimicking the model’s actions.
*Implication for Teachers*: Teachers can use these mediational processes to their advantage by making sure they capture their students’ attention, helping them retain information, providing opportunities for motor reproduction, and using motivational and reinforcement techniques to encourage positive behaviors.
*Models of Observational Learning*: Bandura identified three primary models of observational learning: live model, verbal instructional model, and symbolic model. Live models involve observing an actual individual perform a behaviour. Verbal instructional models involve listening to detailed descriptions of behaviour and then acting based on that description. Symbolic models involve learning through media, such as books, movies, television, or online media, where behaviors are demonstrated.
*Implication for Teachers*: Teachers can use these models to teach students in different ways. For example, they can use live models to demonstrate a behaviour, verbal instructional models to provide detailed descriptions of a behaviour, and symbolic models to provide students with opportunities to learn through media.
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